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Influence of deformation and environmental degradation of Inconel 792

機譯：Inconel 792的變形和環(huán)境退化的影響

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摘要

Industrial gas turbines are often used as a mechanical drive for pumps and compressors or in power generation as an electric power supply. The gas turbine has for many years been a popular engine due to its flexibility with respect to different types of fuel and due to a design, that enables a high power-to-weight ratio. A simplified description of a gas turbine is that the engine consists of a cold and hot section. The turbo compressor section belongs to cold section and the combustion chamber together with the turbine section belongs to the hot section. In the hot section of a gas turbine, the condition is extremely severe because of an aggressive environment characterized by high temperatures, increased temperature gradients, high pressure and centrifugal forces resulting in large stresses on individual components together with an oxidizing and corroding atmosphere. Materials used in the high temperature section (hot gas path) of a modern gas turbine are different types of superalloys, as single crystal, directionally solidified or polycrystalline alloys, depending on temperature and load conditions. In the first turbine stage, temperature is very high due to exposure to the combustion gas. To handle the problem with creep, single crystal superalloys are often used in this section. In the second row of turbine blades, the temperature of the gas is lower and polycrystalline superalloys are typically used. IN-792 is a cast polycrystalline superalloy with high strength, good resistance to hot corrosion and a cheaper option than single crystals. In the hot section of gas turbine, IN-792 is a suitable material for components such as turbine blades and vans where a complex load condition, high temperature and severe environment prevails. Due to startup and shutdown of the gas turbine engine during service, the components in the hot section are exposed to cyclic load and temperature. This will generate mechanical and thermal fatigue damage in gas turbine components. Steady state temperature gradient arises by the cooling system acting at cold spots during service to introduce tensile stress, which indirectly gives rise to creep damage in the component. This work includes tree studies of deformation and damage mechanisms of superalloy IN-792. The first study is made on test bars exposed to thermomechanical fatigue in laboratory environment, the second and the third study is made on turbine blades used during service. In the second study, the machines are placed off-shore and exposed to marine environment. In the third study the machine is landbased and exposed to an industrial environment. In the second study, the deformation and damage mechanisms are compared between the turbine blades used during service and the test bars exposed to thermomechanical fatigue testing in the first study.
機譯：工業(yè)燃氣輪機通常用作泵和壓縮機的機械驅(qū)動器，或在發(fā)電中用作電源。燃氣輪機多年來一直是受歡迎的發(fā)動機，這是因為其對于不同類型的燃料具有靈活性，并且由于其設(shè)計能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高功率重量比。燃氣輪機的簡化描述是，發(fā)動機由冷熱部分組成。渦輪壓縮機部分屬于冷部分，燃燒室與渦輪部分一起屬于熱部分。在燃氣輪機的高溫區(qū)域，由于高溫，高溫梯度，高壓和離心力等侵蝕性環(huán)境導致極端惡劣的環(huán)境條件，導致單個部件承受較大的應(yīng)力，并伴有氧化和腐蝕氣氛?，F(xiàn)代燃氣輪機的高溫部分（熱氣路徑）中使用的材料是不同類型的高溫合金，取決于溫度和負載條件，如單晶，定向凝固或多晶合金。在第一渦輪級中，由于暴露于燃燒氣體，溫度非常高。為了解決蠕變問題，本節(jié)中通常使用單晶高溫合金。在第二排渦輪葉片中，氣體的溫度較低，通常使用多晶高溫合金。 IN-792是一種鑄造的多晶高溫合金，具有高強度，良好的抗熱腐蝕性能，并且比單晶便宜。在燃氣輪機的高溫區(qū)域，IN-792是適用于部件（例如，復雜的負載條件，高溫和惡劣環(huán)境）的部件（例如渦輪葉片和貨車）的合適材料。由于在維修期間燃氣渦輪發(fā)動機的啟動和關(guān)閉，熱部分中的組件會承受周期性的負載和溫度。這將對燃氣輪機部件產(chǎn)生機械和熱疲勞損傷。穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度梯度是由冷卻系統(tǒng)在使用過程中作用在冷點處引入拉應(yīng)力而產(chǎn)生的，間接引起零件的蠕變損壞。這項工作包括對高溫合金IN-792的變形和損壞機理的樹研究。第一項研究是在實驗室環(huán)境中暴露于熱機械疲勞的測試棒上進行的，第二項和第三項研究是在維修期間使用的渦輪葉片上進行的。在第二項研究中，這些機器被放置在離岸并暴露于海洋環(huán)境中。在第三項研究中，該機器是陸基的，并處于工業(yè)環(huán)境中。在第二項研究中，比較了在服務(wù)期間使用的渦輪葉片和暴露于熱機械疲勞試驗中的測試桿之間的變形和損壞機理。

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  • 作者

    Kanesund, Jan-erik;

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  • 年度 2017
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
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